Paper 2 Review

#2

Now that we are confident of #1's answer, we can use rule #4 and eradicate all the sentence before "activo" - nearly most of the first paragraph. Now we look for a synonym to "fundamental". Let's see what adjectives we can pull out:

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: "sociales", "esencial", "últimos". Now, as rule #5 states, every paragraph will somehow have an answer, so that's why we only consider three options (the little sliver of paragraph 1 and paragraph 2).
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: So, once again, we narrow our options to just three, and using common knowledge, we can guess that "esencial" is most like "fundamental", and thus is our answer.

#3

Now we look for a similar expression to "conectado a la red", let's break it down: We want to look for a verb and some phrase. Let's see what we can find!

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: "dijo Alexandro Fosk", "visitaron un sitio de redes", "representando el 96%", "han aumentado". Now that we've limited our choices to four, we can use cognitives to guess that "conectado a" means "connected to" and so, we can eliminate choices 1 and 3 (neither of them are close to meaning "connected to"). "han aumentado" is difficult to understand, but now we can use rule #5 and guess that, because we are going to need to find two more answers, we doubt that the IB would put both those answers within the last lines of the section. Thus, we choose "visitaron un sitio de redes".
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: N/A

#4

For "consumidores", we want a noun. We use rule #4 to eliminate all the words before (all of second paragarph and a little bit of third paragraph). Same process as before.

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: "la población", "año", "usarios", "redes sociales", "America Latina", "el tiempo", "sitios de redes". Lots of possibilities, but we can guess that "consumidores" signifies "consumers", and thus eliminates options 2,4,5,6, and 7.
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: Now we only have two options left: Population and Users. Now, while Population can probably work depending on the context, Users seems like the better answer, and thus we choose "usarios".

#5

Now we went a verb for acrecentar: You most likely won't know what acrecentar means (I didn't either) let's see what we can do. Using rule #4, we eliminate any previous words from "usarios" and focus on any verb. Here's what we get:

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: "han aumentado", "consumido", "ha aumentado". Now, if we look closely at the grammar, we realize that "consumido" is not actually a verb/verb phrase - it just means "time consumed", and thus, the only possible answer is "han/ha aumentado" (it's right either way).
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: N/A

#7

"Son" indicates that we need a plural noun. Let's see what we can find!

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: Using rule #3 and #5, we are now in third paragraph. The possible ones are "las personas de entre 15 y 24 años" and "redes sociales".
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: "redes sociales" doesn't really make sense (especially with it being in the question) so the first option is probably the best.

#8

The question is for Chile, and it only pops up in the last sentence.

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: Using rules #3 and #5, we are now in the fourth paragraph. We move to the fourth paragraph now. The question already has a verb ("es") and there's no "que" so we can't have another conjugated verb without "que" which does not exist within the paragraph.
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: Now, the phrasing of this sentence is advanced, but common: "{noun} is one of the most {blank}". With that knowledge, we can see that "más penetrado por Facebook.com" can replace that blank and thus is our answer.

#9

"Es" indicates we need a singular noun and "red social" probably means social media, so let's see what we can find!

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: We can get "país", "América Latina", "Twitter.com", "lugar", and "el ranking". Now, none of these are social medias besides Twitter, so "Twitter.com" is our answer.
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: N/A

#13

"Se puede decir" is a common phrase and I suggest memorizing it. It means "one can say".

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: The question is referencing an action in the past. So we probably want an answer in the past.
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: Specifically, they ask why the families were numerous. Let's see what answers we can find that induce the past: "era normal tener hasta una una docena de hijos", "las familias se multiplacaban", y "las viviendas parecían hoteles". The first answer seems the most appropriate, so we choose number 1.

#14

This one is harder, but if we focus hard enough, there are two key aspects given by the question that can give us the right answer: "lugares" and "para controlar".

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: Use rule #3 to ignore any phrase before "docena de hijos". "Lugares" indicates we need a plural noun, and "para controlar" signifies that there needs to be a specified purpose to this place. Let's look for options: We have "habitaciones conectadas mediante corredores de madera" and "balcones que servían para supervisar el trabajo de los recolectores." We can even see similarity among the second option with "para supervisar" which is not prevalent in the first option. Thus, our answer is "balcones" (only put "balcones").
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: N/A

#15

This one is also difficult to answer only by grammar clues. What's more important in this scenario is ensuring you understand the question. Many students will confuse this question and thus get it wrong.

Remember that when a question is asked, the verb and subject is switched. Thus, the "¿Qué incorporaron las rústicas haciendas" is not "what incorporated the rústicas haciendas" but rather "what did the rústicas haciendas incorporate...". Now, with this, we need to look for nouns: We can choose "la rusticidad de la arquitectura" o "elementos que brindan comodidad". "rusticidad" is very similar to "rústicas" so this probably wasn't an incorporation, so we choose the second answer.

#17

So now, F is eliminated. Let's try to sum this paragraph up.

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: (not much here, except that there's recommendations for hotels)
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: Talks about history and hotels. Let's see what options we can remove: C, D, E, G, H. Out of six options, five of them just don't make sense. Therefore, answer is B.

#18

We remove F and B.

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: (not much here, except that there's recommendations for restaurants).
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: Talks about famous foods and places to eat. Let's see what options we can remove: C, E, H. Only D and G can make sense. D talks about what to buy, and G talks about where to eat. In relation to our summaries, G sounds better, and we choose that as our answer.

#19

We have to figure out what type of text this is. Same process as before: Eliminate any wrong answer. (Typically, there is one great answer, one good answer, one okay answer, and one horrible). We want to eliminate the okay and horrible answers first. Let's see what we can do.

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: N/A
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: To eliminate the okay and horrible answers, focus not on the type of article but rather the description. For example, D is a horrible answer as the text barely mentions that topic. Similarly, it does not only talk about a cafetera colombiana, so the okay answer B is gone. A and C are harder to distinguish. After looking at description, look at title. Depending on the test, this could give you the answer. This test does! The title is "la región cafetera de Colombia", which is exactly what C says. So C is our answer. If the title does not help, go back to descriptions, and choose the best one (i.e. there is no mention that the author is a tourist nor does it describe the author's OWN experiences, so A is not the right answer (this is still the good answer)).

#21

"Quién" indicates we need one person (noun). Let's see what we can find!

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: Using rule #3, we eliminate all words before "al país". Only possible option is Santiago Lusardi, and thus is the answer.
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: N/A

#22

This one is difficult: Instead of wasting time, let's go to #23 and #24 and see if we eliminate possible options by answering other questions [Go to #23 and #24].

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: Now that we've eliminated two options, let's see what we can do. "Es posible que" is not possible since it is a subjunctive trigger, and there's no subjunctive in this sentence.
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: This whole paragraph is chronological: We did this, then this, afterwards this, and ended here. Thus, "antes de" wouldn't really make sense, since it would stop this chronological order. More specifically based on context, they are talking about travelling and where they went. "A partir de" means "from there" and thus is the most probable answer.

#23

This is the best example of grammar hints. Let's see what we can do.

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: After 23's blank, we see "combina" which is a conjugated version of combinar. Thus, we know that the blank HAS TO include a "que" since we cannot conjugate after a preposition. Using this, we can eliminate every option besides "es posible que" and "puesto que". Out of seven options, we've reduced it to two simply because of one grammar rule. But, actually, we can reduce it even more. "Es posible que" won't make sense since it also includes a conjugated verb before "que". Thus, the only possible answer is "puesto que", and even I, the writer, don't know what "puesto que" means.
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: N/A

#24

Another great example of grammar hints.

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: Let's trace the sentence. We start off with "este proyecto", a singular noun. If we continue along the sentence, we see that eventually, after the comma, the verb is "fueron". Somehow, although we started with a singular noun, we ended with a plural verb. Thus, the blank somehow has to 'add' to the number on the noun (especially since the sentence does not break into different clauses (which could possibly allow for this)). No option could possibly do this except "junto con", thus giving us the answer.
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: N/A

#30

"La segunda" means we need a feminine singular noun.

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: Only possible options are the same as before: "una función artística" and "una función social". Using rule #3, we can confidently say the answer for this question is "una función social" and for #29, "una función artística".
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: N/A

#31

"Los mismos" indicates that we need a plural and either masculine or both masculine and feminine. Let's see what we can find!

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: Using rule #3 we eliminate any word before "social". Thus, the only possible option is "niños y jóvenes" and thus is our answer.
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: N/A

#32

"otros" indicates we need a plural and either masculine or masculine and feminine noun. Let's see what we can find!

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: Using rule #3 we eliminate any word before "jóvenes". Our only possible options are "los mismos" y "chicos". Since "los mismos" was our target word, we doubt that will be an answer for others, we eliminate that and choose "chicos". *Note*: you may be tempted (as was I) to write "chicos humildes". Remember, however, that if we say "I have big friends, small friends, and others", that the "others" are neither big nor small. Thus, we don't include "humildes" since "otros" means the others aren't "humildes".
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: N/A

#33

This question is more difficult. Tips: 1) Find incorrect first instead of correct. 2) Look for key words that can be used to validate/disprove a statement. Grammar can't really be used here.

• Grammar/Limited Spanish Knowledge: N/A
• Context/Spanish Knowledge: Go through each and every point, and eliminate the incorrectly obvious ones. For example, C is incorrect since there is no mention for anything "económicamente valiosa". A is also incorrect as there is also no mention of this. H is wrong since it is not "exclusivamente en música misional" (evidenced by "Bach, Vivaldi, Haendel, algo de Mozart"). Now we have five options left, and because we have to choose three, we are guaranteed one right answer. B is not true, since he was offered a job as a result of his experience. Same thing with F as there is no mention of Latin American countries, but rather European. Thus, our answers are D, E, and F.